What do I mean by this? Let’s go on the customer journey:

1) The first time visitor
The customer visits your site. He wants information about your products, prices, service and so on. He needs all this at his finger tips. Try to imagine all the potential questions a customer might have and make sure to answer them – and that those answers are easily accessible.

2) You are lucky
Your potential client has done all his online research and you are the lucky winner – that is why he is back. This usually happens not within the same day. So make sure that the returning customer is able to find the product again fast. In some instances it makes sense to offer a wish list or basket functionality.

3) The unlucky one
The product unfortunately did not get delivered properly. Or in the case of an insurance company – your client had an accident. So this is still the same website user but he again has totally different needs. He is rather likely upset right now and needs help and support fast. Make sure he can access it directly. And yes – in case the answer is a phone call – offering a real voice, without long waiting lines can increase the customer satisfaction and therefore the perception of your brand in many ways.

A good exampe offers Norwich Union. It is very easy to receive a free quote. In addition they offer the button “Existing Customers” on the upper right hand side where clients can “Make a claim”, “Manage their policy online” and much more.

Read the entire series:

Part 1: How to structure content
Part 2: How many navigation points
Part 3: Dynamic or static navigation
Part 4: Navigation and the customer life cycle
Part 5: Global Navigation

Part 1: How to structure content
Part 2: How many navigation points
Part 3: Dynamic or static navigation
Part 4: Navigation and the customer life cycle
Part 5: Global navigation

First of all you need to define all the content:

1. your target group wants to know
2. is important for your business to be communicated

Then the crucial question is what will your target group be looking for? What are their expectations? Are there structures they are familiar with because all of the competitors are following a similar pattern?

There are several ways to structure content – By:

1. topic, genre, product groups
2. target group
3. activity
4. search patterns

1) Topic, genre, product group navigation
As the title implies – this makes mainly sense when you are selling products or services which can be grouped logically.

2) Target group navigation
This one is very helpful when you offer information that is of interest to particular target groups and the all need to find information fast and directly. You often see this on websites of major banks with navigation points such as:
Private Banking | Business Banking | Press | Investors | Jobs
Sometimes it is very helpful to offer this kind of entry on the homepage in case your main navigation is structured by topic. You see this rather often on university sites. See the two examples below:

3) Activity based navigation
This one is more prominent in software where often activities are more prominent than categories since users want to fulfil certain tasks.

4) Navigation based on search patterns
In case people might look in different ways for a product this navigational structure is suitable. It basically means that for example products in a gift store are searchable by price, by category and by gender.

Sometimes combinations of the above are the best approach. However, always make sure to label the categories precisely with a short verb and noun and avoid jargon and long labels.

The shopping basket page
Ideally a thumbnail picture of the product is displayed and a short product description, which are both linked back to the product page. (This is helpful, in case the customer comes back at a later point in time and wants to easily review his order). The page needs to summarize:

• The cost per product
• The VAT per product
• The shipping/handling fee
• The total payable fee

The user also needs to be informed of shipping time and links to warranty and exchange policy need to be available.

The customer also needs to be able to delete a product or change the number of products.

Also make sure that the customer has both options: to continue shopping and to check out. This is missing in the Tchibo examle.

This was the last part of our 6 part Usability and e-commerce series.

1. Availability
   Inform the client before the check out process that an item is currently not available. There is nothing worse than filling in several forms and being informed in the last minute, that you currently can not purchase the product. Show the availability status on every product page.
2. Payment methods
   Offer several payment methods such as PayPal, Visa and MasterCard. This increases your chance that the client will continue the check out process. Inform him that the data is transmitted secured. In case you have received a “Trusted Shop” certificate, display it prominently. It increases trust.
3. Back Button
   You just quickly wanted to go back one step to check one entry field and then all your previously entered data was gone. Make sure that the customer always can go back and forth without loosing any entered data. It is tedious enough to type in your card number once.
4. Credit Card rejection
   Imagine your credit card is rejected. That is always a very unpleasant moment. Tell the client with a friendly easy to understand error. Inform him of what might have gone wrong:
   - The address needs to be the same as on the credit card.
   - The name needs to be the same as on the credit card.
   - What is the CVC Code and where can he find it.
   - Could it be that there is a daily limit on the card? (in case you are selling expensive items)
   - How can he reach the hotline in case it still does not work.
5. Forced registration
   Don`t force your customer to register in order to simply buy something. To remember his contact and financial data is an extra service you can offer and the return client can benefit from. However, many customers might not be return customers and some simply hate to have to recall login data or to have their data saved and accessible online.
6. Cross selling
   Cross selling is great, we all agree. However, don’t be too pushy during the check out process. Customers might either get confused or really turned off. Do your cross selling when show casing your other products or after the check out.
7. Hidden costs
   Honesty always pays off. Show your customer as early as possible fees for shipping, taxes, handling fees and so on. Nobody likes unpleasant surprises at the very last minute.

Check out the entire series:
Part 1) Navigation and homepage
Part 2) Product overview
Part 3) Product detail page
Part 4) Search
Part 5) Check out process

To come:
Part 6) The shopping basket

1. Good product visualisation is crucial. Show the products from different angles, the front and the back and allow the user to zoom in. Show different colour versions. Close ups are especially important where the texture or surface of the product is important such as clothing or jewellery – make the product as tangible as possible. Let the user “touch” it.
2. The presentation on all the product detail pages should follow the same pattern throughout the site so that the user can learn your site and get accustomed to it.
3. The most important product details need to be in the visible area without having the user to scroll down.
4. This is also a great time for cross-selling: Show the customer what other users bought and make pro-active recommendations. It is better to make recommendations on behalf of the behaviour of other users than by yourself. Say: Customers who bought A also bought B instead of We recommend B for people who are interested in A.
5. The user needs to be informed about the availability of the product. (in case this has not happened on the overview page yet).
6. If your delivery times are much faster than business standards or much longer mention it.

One really good example is again Esprit.

Sizes, colours, product illustration including zoom and front and back images, addtional product information, availabilit, cross-seeling all is in place

Check out the entire series:
Part 1) Navigation and homepage
Part 2) Product overview
Part 3) Product detail page

To come:
Part 4) Search
Part 5) Check out process
Part 6) The shopping basket

Fulfilment of expectations
It happens rather frequently that websites are a direct reflection of internal company structures, since the website creators are themselves very familiar with the topics. As a result, internal needs and expectations are prevalent. Good usability assures that the site focuses mainly on the expectations and needs of your target groups and functions in accord with their habits regarding online behaviour.

High quality
Every website must achieve its intended purpose – providing information, entertaining, selling products, building a user community, etc. In each of those cases the user does not want to think about the interaction itself. The more intuitively a user can use the site, the better. If the site meets user expectations, a feeling of trust and quality is established. This is a great opportunity to distinguish the site from the competitor’s.

Increased retention time
The better the site’s concept caters to the target group and the more intuitively it can be used, the longer the user will stay. The focus is, for example, on how the user can be stimulated to look at further content on the site and on how fast central questions of the users are answered.

Higher interaction rate
Intensive use of a site is the result of a targeted structure as well as information and good interaction design. The site’s benefit is obvious to the user, and he can easily find valuable information. How quickly and how intense does the user get involved with your site? What are the incentives to visit the site again? How are interactive elements used?

Reaching a broader audience
By complying with certain design and publishing guidelines the website can reach a broader target group. The site will be accessible for the elderly as well as for the physically or visually impaired.

Joy of use
Over the last few years, the notion of “joy of use” has received increasing attention. It describes the degree of experienced joy of use of a site or software and indicates the personal satisfaction and motivation to interact.

However, deciding about which content should go on a site should not only be a matter of translation. Content also needs to meet your customers’ expectations, and those vary from culture to culture. Below is an example for companies which offer services.

Let’s do some stereotyping:

Germany
In a typical business meeting, you’d expect fast and efficient presentation of facts and figures followed by negotiations and then closing the deal. Your language should be formal; using the first name is only appropriate in some business fields. Then, in case precious time allows, you might go for a beer together.

England
You first get offered some tea, you talk about last weekend, your kids, sports, etc. You laugh and take your time. These days almost everybody addresses each other on first name basis. No Sir or Madam. Then you talk about business.

These cultural differences are reflected in the use of language and content on most websites:

Germany

• Language: Often you find a rather abstract list of: We do X, Y, Z and optimize A, B, C. The facts. Straightforward.
• Content: Factual and detailed presentation of content, whitepapers, references
• Establishing trust: Presentation of know-how and skills

England

• Language: A quite generous use of the imperative can be found: Improve X, Y, Z and you will benefit from A, B, C. The text is much more commonly written in the form of a dialogue with the (potential) customer
• Content: More engaging content, proof of satisfied clients and customers
• Establishing trust: Listing of testimonials of previous customers. This happens to a much further degree than on German sites. Some sites even include video interviews with their customers about their satisfaction of the services provided (for example: www.lcm.co.uk). Referrals are also important.

One example of “Establishing trust”: Xing versus LinkedIn
Cultural subleties are also visible in the business network communities of the two countries. While in England LinkedIn is the predominant site, XING is the commonly used one in Germany. Certainly the two sites’ business strategies are not exactly the same, and labelling is another topic in itself. Nevertheless, I found these differences to be a good example of the cultural subtleties.

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XING
In XING users introduce one another (see upper right-hand side),
and the main profile navigation points are:
Business Details | Confirmed Contacts | About me | Guestbook

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LinkedIn
In LinkedIn the first navigation point is “recommend“ (see upper right-hand side.),
and the main profile navigation points are:
Profile | Q&A | Recommendations | Connections